SuperSpeed is the branding that USB-IF introduced with USB 3.0 to distinguish the faster generation of USB from the earlier High Speed USB 2.0. The original SuperSpeed ran at 5 Gbit/s, a large jump over the 480 Mbit/s that came before it.
As USB evolved, USB-IF kept the SuperSpeed name but added variants for higher speeds: SuperSpeed+ for the 10 Gbit/s tier known as USB 3.2 Gen 2, and a further step up to 20 Gbit/s with USB 3.2 Gen 2x2. In more recent, consumer facing marketing, USB-IF has moved toward simpler labels such as USB 5Gbps, 10Gbps and 20Gbps to describe the same tiers.
A port or cable labelled SuperSpeed, or marked with the SS logo, is worth checking against its exact speed number, since the SuperSpeed family spans a fourfold range from 5 to 20 Gbit/s. See our guide to USB speeds for the complete picture.