USB Glossary: Terms Explained from A to Z

USB Glossary: Terms Explained from A to Z

USB comes with a large vocabulary of its own: version numbers, marketing names, connector names, abbreviations for charging technologies, and terms borrowed from storage and security. This glossary collects that vocabulary from A to Z in one place, with a short, plain explanation for each term and a link to the full entry.

Use it whenever you come across an unfamiliar word on this site or on a product listing elsewhere, such as e-marker, Alternate Mode, PPS or UASP. Each entry also links back to the overview page or guide where that term is explained in more practical depth, so the glossary works well both as a quick lookup and as a starting point for exploring a topic further.

A

  • Active cableAn active USB cable contains built in electronics that boost the signal, allowing longer or higher speed cabl…
  • Alternate ModeAlternate Mode is a feature of USB-C that allows certain pins in the connector to carry non-USB signals, most…
  • AWG (wire gauge)AWG, American Wire Gauge, is the scale used to describe how thick the internal wires of a USB cable are.

B

  • Backward compatibilityBackward compatibility means that newer USB devices, cables and ports generally still work with older ones, a…
  • BadUSBBadUSB describes an attack where a USB device's own firmware is reprogrammed to secretly act like another dev…
  • Battery Charging 1.2Battery Charging 1.2, or BC 1.2, is a USB-IF specification, older than Power Delivery, for signalling extra c…
  • Bulk-Only TransportBulk-Only Transport, or BOT, is the original, simpler protocol used by USB mass storage devices before UASP i…
  • Bus-poweredBus-powered describes a USB device or hub that draws all the power it needs from the USB connection itself.

C

  • CC pinThe CC pin, short for Configuration Channel, is the USB-C pin responsible for orientation detection and power…

D

  • DAC (USB)A USB DAC is an external device that converts a digital audio signal from a computer or phone into an analogu…
  • Daisy chainDaisy chaining is connecting several devices in a series, one plugged into the next, supported by Thunderbolt…
  • DisplayPort Alt ModeDisplayPort Alt Mode is the USB-C feature that carries a native DisplayPort video signal over the same connec…
  • Docking stationA docking station is a hub like device that connects a laptop to multiple monitors, a network and other acces…

E

  • E-markerAn e-marker is a small identification chip built into certain USB-C cables that tells connected devices what …
  • exFATexFAT is a modern file system with no practical file size limit, widely used on USB flash drives and external…
  • Extended Power Range (EPR)Extended Power Range, or EPR, is the part of USB Power Delivery 3.1 that raises the maximum charging power to…

F

  • FAT32FAT32 is an older file system valued for its very broad compatibility, though limited to a 4 GB maximum singl…
  • Full SpeedFull Speed is the USB naming for the original 12 Mbit/s data rate introduced with USB 1.1.

G

  • GaN chargerA GaN charger uses gallium nitride semiconductor technology to be smaller, cooler and often more efficient th…
  • Gbit/sGbit/s, or gigabits per second, is the unit used to describe how fast a USB or Thunderbolt connection can mov…

H

  • HDMI Alt ModeHDMI Alt Mode is a USB-C feature that carries a native HDMI video signal, though it is far less common than D…
  • HID (Human Interface Device)HID, the Human Interface Device class, is the standard USB category for keyboards, mice and similar input dev…
  • High SpeedHigh Speed is the official USB term for the 480 Mbit/s data rate that USB 2.0 introduced.

J

  • Juice jackingJuice jacking describes the risk that a public USB charging port or cable secretly transfers data as well as …

K

  • KVM switchA KVM switch lets a single keyboard, monitor and mouse control two or more computers, switching between them …

L

  • LightningLightning is Apple's proprietary, reversible connector that was used on iPhones and other Apple devices befor…

M

  • Micro-USBMicro-USB is the small, thin connector that was the standard on Android phones and countless accessories for …
  • Mini-USBMini-USB is an older, slightly larger USB connector that was common on digital cameras and MP3 players before…

N

  • NAND flashNAND flash is the non volatile memory technology used inside USB flash drives, SD cards and solid state drive…
  • NTFSNTFS is the native Windows file system, supporting very large files and permissions, though macOS only reads …

P

  • Passive cableA passive USB cable has no active electronics inside it, which keeps it simple and affordable but limits its …
  • Power Delivery (PD)USB Power Delivery, or PD, is the standard that allows a USB-C charger and device to negotiate voltage and cu…
  • Programmable Power Supply (PPS)Programmable Power Supply, or PPS, is a USB Power Delivery feature that allows finely adjustable voltage and …

Q

  • Quick ChargeQuick Charge is Qualcomm's proprietary fast charging technology, often found alongside USB Power Delivery on …

R

  • RetimerA retimer is a small chip that regenerates a high speed digital signal, allowing it to travel further without…

S

  • Self-poweredSelf-powered describes a USB hub or device that uses its own power adapter rather than relying entirely on th…
  • SuperSpeedSuperSpeed is the marketing name USB-IF uses for the USB 3.x family of speeds, covering 5, 10 and 20 Gbit/s.

T

  • TBW (terabytes written)TBW, or terabytes written, is a rating showing how much data can be written to a flash drive or SSD before we…
  • ThunderboltThunderbolt is a high speed data and display protocol, developed by Intel with Apple, that today uses the USB…
  • TRIMTRIM is a command that lets an operating system tell an SSD which stored data is no longer needed, helping ke…
  • TunnelingTunneling is the technique that lets USB4 and Thunderbolt carry other protocols, such as DisplayPort, alongsi…

U

  • UASPUASP, the USB Attached SCSI Protocol, is a faster communication method for external storage than the older Bu…
  • USB Audio ClassUSB Audio Class is the standard USB device category that lets audio equipment work with a computer without sp…
  • USB data blockerA USB data blocker is a small adapter that physically blocks the data pins in a USB connection, allowing only…
  • USB deviceA USB device is any peripheral, from a flash drive to a mouse, that connects to and is managed by a USB host.
  • USB hostA USB host is the device that controls a USB connection and manages the peripherals attached to it.
  • USB hubA USB hub is a small device that splits one USB port into several, letting you connect more accessories at on…
  • USB killerA USB killer is a device, often disguised as an ordinary flash drive, designed to physically damage a compute…
  • USB On-The-Go (OTG)USB On-The-Go, known as OTG, allows a mobile device to act as a host and connect directly to other USB access…
  • USB-AUSB-A is the classic rectangular USB connector found on computers, chargers and many older peripherals.
  • USB-BUSB-B is the roughly square USB connector traditionally used on the peripheral end of a cable.
  • USB-C (connector)USB-C is the small, reversible connector that now carries data, video and high power charging across one cabl…
  • USB-IFUSB-IF, the USB Implementers Forum, is the nonprofit organisation that develops and maintains the USB specifi…
  • USB4USB4 is the current generation USB standard, built on Thunderbolt 3 technology and running exclusively over t…

V

  • VBUSVBUS is the name for the power carrying line inside a USB connector and cable, delivering voltage from a host…

W

  • Write protectionWrite protection makes a USB storage device read only, preventing anything from being written, changed or del…